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 Martin Kippenberger (1953 – 1997)
-Martin Kippenberger was considered a major player in the German Junge Wilde (Wild Youth, also called Neue Wilde) artistic movement which set out to defy art traditions. He created a number of art pieces in different countries that were part of his METRO-Net project, a series of fictitious worldwide transport systems that commented on globalism. Each station reflected its surroundings.((Dan Davidson, “Dawson City loses its beloved ‘subway to nowhere’ fixture.” //Whitehorse Star// (Dawson), 19 September 2008.)) Part of Kippenberger’s thesis was the idea that the stations were mobile, placeless, ubiquitous, and impractical. The viewer experienced his location more intensely because of the frustrated option of travelling elsewhere.((Kai Hammermeister, Romantin Globalization: Martin Kippenberger’s Mentro-Net.” //Monatshefte,// Volume 99, Number 1, Spring 2007, University of Wisconsin Press. 2021 website: https://muse.jhu.edu/article/212808.))\\
+Martin Kippenberger was considered a major player in the German Junge Wilde (Wild Youth, also called Neue Wilde) artistic movement which set out to defy art traditions. He created a number of art pieces in different countries that were part of his METRO-Net project, a series of fictitious worldwide transport systems that commented on globalism. Each station reflected its surroundings.((Dan Davidson, “Dawson City loses its beloved ‘subway to nowhere’ fixture.” //Whitehorse Star// (Whitehorse), 19 September 2008.)) Part of Kippenberger’s thesis was the idea that the stations were mobile, placeless, ubiquitous, and impractical. The viewer experienced his location more intensely because of the frustrated option of travelling elsewhere.((Kai Hammermeister, Romantin Globalization: Martin Kippenberger’s Mentro-Net.” //Monatshefte,// Volume 99, Number 1, Spring 2007, University of Wisconsin Press. 2021 website: https://muse.jhu.edu/article/212808.))\\
-The original underground art installation was built in Syros, Greece in 1993. Kippenberger’s Dawson, Yukon art installation Underground was created in 1995 by Reinald Nohal and was modelled on the entrance to a hard rock mine. Stairs led down to a Lord Jim Lodge emblem on a pair of wooden doors. The Lord Jim Lodge was a self-proclaimed “secret society” to which Kippenberger belonged. The logo, the Sonne Busen Hammer, depicts the sun (Sonne) with a spider-web type design, a pair of breasts (Busen) and a hammer. Underneath are the letters NHN, the group’s motto “Kener Hilft Keinem” which translates into “Nobody Helps Nobody.” A third station, using the logo, appeared in Leipzeg, Germany in 1997 and a couple of related projects were created in Kassell and Munster. There was an entrance in New York and a shaft grill in Los Angles. There were plans for Tokyo, but Kippenberger died in 1997, and the art experiment ended.((Dan Davidson, “Dawson City loses its beloved ‘subway to nowhere’ fixture.” //Whitehorse Star// (Dawson), 19 September 2008.))\\
+The original underground art installation was built in Syros, Greece in 1993. Kippenberger’s Dawson, Yukon art installation Underground was created in 1995 by Reinald Nohal and was modelled on the entrance to a hard rock mine. Stairs led down to a Lord Jim Lodge emblem on a pair of wooden doors. The Lord Jim Lodge was a self-proclaimed “secret society” to which Kippenberger belonged. The logo, the Sonne Busen Hammer, depicts the sun (Sonne) with a spider-web type design, a pair of breasts (Busen) and a hammer. Underneath are the letters NHN, the group’s motto “Kener Hilft Keinem” which translates into “Nobody Helps Nobody.” A third station, using the logo, appeared in Leipzeg, Germany in 1997 and a couple of related projects were created in Kassell and Munster. There was an entrance in New York and a shaft grill in Los Angles. There were plans for Tokyo, but Kippenberger died in 1997, and the art experiment ended.((Dan Davidson, “Dawson City loses its beloved ‘subway to nowhere’ fixture.” //Whitehorse Star// (Whitehorse), 19 September 2008.))\\
-In 2005, Nohal leased the Dawson Station to New York City art collector Tim Nye for a 99-year term. //Underground// was dismantled in 2008 and shipped to a museum in the south.((Dan Davidson, “Dawson City loses its beloved ‘subway to nowhere’ fixture.” //Whitehorse Star// (Dawson), 19 September 2008.))
+In 2005, Nohal leased the Dawson Station to New York City art collector Tim Nye for a 99-year term. //Underground// was dismantled in 2008 and shipped to a museum in the south.((Dan Davidson, “Dawson City loses its beloved ‘subway to nowhere’ fixture.” //Whitehorse Star// (Whitehorse), 19 September 2008.))